Unit 1

Grammar

Noun

 It is a word, which refers to the name of a person, place, animal or thing.

Ex : Raju is a good boy.

 ( In the above example, Raju & boy are nouns )

 Types of Nouns.

 1.Proper Noun

 It is the name of a particular person, place or thing. Proper Noun is always   written with a capital letter.

  For Example : Raju is a good boy.

  Raju is a proper noun.

 2.Common Noun

 It refers to people, places and things in general.

 Common nouns refer to concrete objects, abstract ideas or actions.

 For Example :

 Raju is a good boy

('Boy' is a common noun)

3. Material Noun

It refers to names of things.

For Example :

Iron is a useful Metal.

Gold is a precious metal.

Water is colourless.

(In the above examples iron, gold & water are material nouns.)

4. Collective Noun

 It refers to group of things taken together and addressed as one thing.

 For Example :

 His Family lives in America.

 Army is marching forward...

 (In the above examples Family & Army are collective nouns.)

 5.Abstract Noun

It is a noun which cannot be sensed but only be thought of.

For Example :

Honesty is the best policy.

Beauty is admired by all.

(In the above examples Honesty & beauty are abstract nouns. These nouns are never sensed, they can only be thought of.)

 

Countable Nouns and uncountable Nouns

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are those nouns which has the scope of counting. They are categorised into singular countable and plural countable because of the ability of counting..

For Example:  

She is studying in a reputed college.

( College is a singular countable Noun )

There are many reputed colleges in Hyderabad.

( Colleges – plural Countable Noun )

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable / non countable nouns are those nouns which do not have the scope of counting.

They are also called mass nouns

Rule: uncountable nouns are never used with the indefinite article (a/an). Uncountable nouns are always singular.

For Example: 

Give me a glass of water.

I have sipped a cup of coffee just now.

(water & coffee are uncountable nouns)

 Hint : Uncountable Nouns are Singular in form only. They don’t have plurals.

 

Compound Nouns

A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. Most compound nouns are [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun]. Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives and other nouns.

Compound nouns have three different forms:

1.   open or spaced - space between words (bus stop)

2.   hyphenated - hyphen between words (mother-in-law)

3.   closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (football)

Examples: cat food, blackboard, breakfast, full moon, washing machine, software

Can we use the swimming pool?

They stop work at sunset.

Don't forget that check-out is at 12 noon.

 

Quantify the following uncountable Nouns to make them countable.

 

1.Jam                                                                   

A jar of jam

 

2.coffee

A cup of coffee

 

3.bread

A loaf of bread

 

4.wood

A log of wood

 

5.Money

A lot of money / some money

 

6.Butter

A tin of Butter

 

7. chocolate

A cake of Chocalate

 

8.Juice

A tin of juice / A jar of Juice

 

9.Information

A piece of information

 

10.glue

A bottle of glue

 

11.Petrol

A litre of petrol

 

12. sugar

A kilogram of sugar

 

13.Chips

A packet of chips

 

14.toothpaste

A tube of Tooth paste

 

15. Detergent

A Cake of detergent

 

16.Luggage

An item of Luggage

 

17,Cable

A bundle of cable