John's Online English Notes

  Unit 1 Vocabulary Word Roots Word root is the smallest meaningful unit that forms the main part of a word. Generally, words grow from their roots. For Example : The root of the word ‘unable’ is able.   From the root word ‘able’ Words such as enable (en + able), Portable (port +able) Disable(dis + able) ,etc can be formed. The roots for many English words were borrowed from Greek & Latin. Example: Biology (Bio + logy) Bio means life and logy means science of study . Therefore, Biology is called Study of life   T hese words have been derived from Greek words.   Some root words can be independent words by themselves in English  (bio, graph).  Bio means life & graph means write.   Knowing the meanings of the roots in English can help you understand the     meaning of new and unfamiliar words.   For Example :  Chrono refers to time & graph refers to writing or recording ...

  Unit 1 Grammar Noun   It is a word, which refers to the name of a person, place, animal or thing. Ex : Raju is a good boy.   ( In the above example, Raju & boy are nouns )   Types of Nouns.   1.Proper Noun   It is the name of a particular person, place or thing. Proper Noun is always   written with a capital letter.    For Example : Raju is a good boy.    Raju is a proper noun.   2.Common Noun   It refers to people, places and things in general.   Common nouns refer to concrete objects, abstract ideas or actions.  For Example :  Raju is a good boy ( ' Boy' is a common noun) 3. Material Noun It refers to names of things. For Example : Iron is a useful Metal. Gold is a precious metal. Water is colourless. ( In the above examples iron, gold & water are material nouns.) 4. Collective Noun   It refers to group of things taken together and...

  Unit 1   Prose   The eyes are not here – Ruskin Bond Summary   The short story “The eyes are not here” was written by Ruskin Bond. He is a famous Indian Author of British Descent. He wrote more than hundred novels, short stories and essays. He received an international literary award for writing “The room on the roof” at an early age. He received Sahitya Akademi, padma shri and Padma Bhushan Awards in India for writing stories in an outstanding manner. He explained his Indian identity in one of his essays. According to the short story, A blind man was travelling to Rohana in a train. He was seated at the dark corner of the compartment when the train stopped at the railway station. A girl got into the compartment. She came there with a couple. The Blind man could understand that the couple who came to see her off were her parents because of their cautious instructions. The blind man inquired of the girl whether she was travelling till Dehra. The girl was s...

Unit 1 Poem In The Bazaars of Hyderabad – Sarojini Naidu What do you sell O ye merchants ? Richly your wares are displayed. Turbans of  crimson  and  silver , Tunics of  purple  brocade, Mirrors with panels of  amber , Daggers with handles of jade. What do you weigh, O ye vendors? Saffron and lentil and rice. What do you grind, O ye maidens? Sandalwood, henna, and spice. What do you call , O ye pedlars? Chessmen and ivory dice. What do you make,O ye goldsmiths? Wristlet and anklet and ring, Bells for the feet of  blue  pigeons Frail as a  dragon -fly-s  wing , Girdles of  gold  for dancers, Scabbards of gold for the  king . What do you cry,O ye fruitmen? Citron, pomegranate, and plum. What do you  play  ,O musicians? Cithar, sarangi and drum. what do you chant, O magicians? Spells for aeons to come. What do you weave, O ye  flower -girls With tassels of azure and  red ? ...

  English, Semester – I     Unit   1   In the bazaar of Hyderabad – Sarojini Naidu The Eyes are not here – Ruskin Bond Word Roots Nouns Getting Someone’s Attention and Interrupting Creativity   Unit 2   If -   Rudyard Kipling On Saying Please – A. G. Gardiner Prefixes & Suffixes Pronouns Giving Instructions and seeking clarifications Interpersonal Skills   Unit 3   Ulysses - Alfred Tennyson Seeing People off – Max Beerbohn Homonyms, Homographs, Homophones’ Adjectives Asking for and Giving Options Motivation   Unit 4   On his having arrived at the age of twenty three – John Milton Shyness my Shield – M.K. Gandhi Collocation Articles Agreeing and Disagreeing with Options Self Analysis